The number of asylum seekers entering Canada between structured border crossings has risen to its highest level since the government began tracking them in 2017, as pandemic restrictions are lifted, allowing for more travel, and conflict and disaster displace people in many parts of the world.
The increase in irregular entries coincides with Canada’s preparation to defend the Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) with the United States, under which it turns back asylum-seekers attempting to cross at regular ports of entry.
As a result of this agreement, asylum seekers are able to cross between ports of entry and turn themselves into the police in order to pursue refugee claims. Canada is attempting to broaden the agreement so that it applies to the entire land border.
What Is the Cause of the Rise of Border-Crossings?
According to University of Ottawa immigration law professor Jamie Chai-Yun Liew, the influx could be due to pent-up demand after Canada lifted pandemic border restrictions last fall.
However, immigration experts say the rise is yet another indication that when countries like Canada and the United States erect barriers to orderly entry, displaced people will seek alternative routes.
If Canada does not want to deal with irregular border crossers, it should end the agreement that prevents them from entering through regular entry points, according to Janet Dench, executive director of the Canadian Council for Refugees, which is suing the Canadian government.
What Does This Mean for Future Asylum Seekers to Canada?
Asylum seekers in Canada can apply for protection once they arrive, and this loophole has pushed thousands of people to make sometimes perilous journeys across the 6,416km (3,987-mile) US-Canada land border in recent years.
On October 6, Canada’s Supreme Court heard a legal challenge to the STCA.
They have claimed that the United States is not a safe haven for refugees and that the agreement violates both Canada’s constitution, known as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and international law. Rights advocates also claimed that it endangers asylum seekers by forcing them to embark on more dangerous journeys to cross the border.
Despite this, successive Canadian governments have insisted that the United States is a safe haven for refugees, with a robust asylum system. The STCA “has served Canada well,” according to Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada, a federal ministry, last year.
Processing In-Canada Claims for Protection
A refugee claim cannot be referred to the RPD if the claimant arrived in Canada directly or indirectly from a country other than the country of their nationality or former habitual residence.
Canada entered into such an agreement with the United States, which went into effect on December 29, 2004. It is known as the Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA).
The Agreement allows for the return to the United States of persons who arrive in Canada from the United States and seek refugee protection, unless the person can demonstrate, on a balance of probabilities, that an exception to the Agreement applies, and vice versa.
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